Coupled human-water systems are characterized by uncertainty, limited predictability, bounded rationality, indeterminate causality, and evolutionary change. To determine the impact of a specific policy intervention, an integrated analysis approach is needed that provides a holistic view of complex interactions within such systems. In this talk, Kaveh Madani highlights some of the major challenges of modeling and managing complex human-water systems to argue why we often fail to develop comprehensive technological and policy solutions that can solve one problem without creating new ones.